The world of 3D, AR and VR are mostly powered by GLB and glTF 3D models. But what is a glTF model exactly? And why do I need a glTF 3D model? We often get these questions, so in this post we want to settle this once and for all.
In this post:
What is a glTF model type?
A glTF file typically consists of a JSON file (.gltf) that describes the scene hierarchy, materials, animations, and other metadata, along with binary files (.bin) that contain the geometry, animation, and other binary data. Additionally, textures and other resources may be included in the glTF file or referenced externally.
What does glTF stand for?
glTF, which stands for Graphics Library Transmission Format, is a file format designed for the efficient transmission and loading of 3D scenes and models. It is an open standard developed by the Khronos Group, a consortium of companies that maintains various open standards for graphics and multimedia. glTF is specifically designed to be a compact, runtime-efficient format for the transmission of 3D scenes and models on the web and other platforms.
Advantages of glTF 3D models
glTF (Graphics Library Transmission Format) has gained a lot of popularity and is considered one of the best types of 3D models for several reasons:
1: Efficiency and Compactness
glTF is designed to be a compact format, optimizing the storage and transmission of 3D glTF models. Its use of binary data and JSON structure contributes to its efficiency, reducing file sizes and making it suitable for web-based applications where fast loading times are crucial.
2: Ease of Use
glTF files are straightforward to work with. They are human-readable due to their JSON format for describing scene structures, making it easier for developers to understand and modify the contents. This simplicity enhances the format’s accessibility and integration into various applications.
3: Platform-Agnostic
glTF is designed to be platform-agnostic, meaning it can be used across different applications, platforms, and devices. This versatility is valuable for creating consistent 3D experiences that can be easily shared and viewed on diverse platforms, from web browsers to virtual reality applications.
4: Standardization
glTF is an open standard maintained by the Khronos Group, an industry consortium that develops open standards for the graphics and multimedia industry. This standardization ensures that glTF is widely supported and continuously improved through community contributions.
5: Broad Adoption
glTF has gained widespread adoption in the industry, supported by major platforms, tools, and applications. Many 3D modeling software packages, game engines, and web browsers support glTF, making it a versatile and widely accepted format.
6: PBR Support
glTF supports Physically Based Rendering (PBR), a rendering technique that simulates the interaction of light with surfaces more realistically. This allows for the creation of more visually appealing and accurate materials in 3D models.
7: Animation Capabilities
glTF supports skeletal animation and morph targets, enabling the representation of dynamic movements and changes in 3D models. This makes it suitable for applications that require animated characters or objects.
8: Embedding of Resources
glTF files can embed textures and other resources directly within the file, simplifying the management of associated assets. This self-contained structure is convenient for distribution and loading.
9: GLB Format
The GLB format, an extension of glTF, packages the entire model, including the JSON file and binary data, into a single binary file. This format is practical for distribution as it simplifies file management and loading procedures.
What is the difference between glTF and GLB?
The binary version of glTF, known as GLB (GL Transmission Format Binary), packages the entire model, including the JSON file and binary data, into a single binary file for easier distribution and loading.
So the glTF is the JSON file version and GLB is the binary version.
How do I get glTF 3D models?
Since GLTF 3D models are so popular, where can I get myself these models? You can easily export to GLB or glTF model file format using the Three.js editor. Simply upload your 3D model into the editor, go to File -> “Export GLB” or “Export GLTF”
If you are working with tools like Blender, you can export your models in the 3D GLB format.
Bottom line
In summary, glTF is a versatile and efficient file format for 3D models, enabling easy sharing and rendering of 3D scenes and models across different platforms and applications. You can often find yourself using glTF models in 3D viewers and AR and VR technologies.
Want to explore the possibilities of glTF 3D models? Make sure to check out this video!
